Design a data structure that supports the following two operations:

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void addWord(word)
bool search(word)

search(word) can search a literal word or a regular expression string containing only letters a-z or .. A . means it can represent any one letter.

For example:

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addWord("bad")
addWord("dad")
addWord("mad")
search("pad") -> false
search("bad") -> true
search(".ad") -> true
search("b..") -> true

Note:

You may assume that all words are consist of lowercase letters a-z.

Given a 2D board and a list of words from the dictionary, find all words in the board.

Each word must be constructed from letters of sequentially adjacent cell, where “adjacent” cells are those horizontally or vertically neighboring. The same letter cell may not be used more than once in a word.

Example

Given words = [“oath”,“pea”,“eat”,“rain”] and board =

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[
  ['o','a','a','n'],
  ['e','t','a','e'],
  ['i','h','k','r'],
  ['i','f','l','v']
]

Return [“eat”,“oath”].

Note:

You may assume that all inputs are consist of lowercase letters a-z.

Given an array of integers, return indices of the two numbers such that they add up to a specific target.

You may assume that each input would have exactly one solution.

Example:

Given nums = [2, 7, 11, 15], target = 9,

Because nums[0] + nums[1] = 2 + 7 = 9, return [0, 1].

Given a string containing only digits, restore it by returning all possible valid IP address combinations.

For example:

Given “25525511135”,

return [“255.255.11.135”, “255.255.111.35”]. (Order does not matter)

Given a binary tree, find its maximum depth.

The maximum depth is the number of nodes along the longest path from the root node down to the farthest leaf node.

Given a binary tree, find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the tree.

According to the definition of LCA on Wikipedia: “The lowest common ancestor is defined between two nodes v and w as the lowest node in T that has both v and w as descendants (where we allow a node to be a descendant of itself).”

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    _______3______
   /              \
___5__          ___1__
   /      \        /      \
   6      _2       0       8
     /  \
     7   4

For example, the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of nodes 5 and 1 is 3. Another example is LCA of nodes 5 and 4 is 5, since a node can be a descendant of itself according to the LCA definition.

Given a set of non-overlapping intervals, insert a new interval into the intervals (merge if necessary).

You may assume that the intervals were initially sorted according to their start times.

Example 1:

Given intervals [1,3],[6,9], insert and merge [2,5] in as [1,5],[6,9].

Example 2:

Given [1,2],[3,5],[6,7],[8,10],[12,16], insert and merge [4,9] in as [1,2],[3,10],[12,16].

This is because the new interval [4,9] overlaps with [3,5],[6,7],[8,10].

You are a product manager and currently leading a team to develop a new product. Unfortunately, the latest version of your product fails the quality check. Since each version is developed based on the previous version, all the versions after a bad version are also bad.

Suppose you have n versions [1, 2, …, n] and you want to find out the first bad one, which causes all the following ones to be bad.

You are given an API bool isBadVersion(version) which will return whether version is bad. Implement a function to find the first bad version. You should minimize the number of calls to the API.

Given a pattern and a string str, find if str follows the same pattern.

Here follow means a full match, such that there is a bijection between a letter in pattern and a non-empty word in str.

Examples:

• pattern = “abba”, str = “dog cat cat dog” should return true.
• pattern = “abba”, str = “dog cat cat fish” should return false.
• pattern = “aaaa”, str = “dog cat cat dog” should return false.
• pattern = “abba”, str = “dog dog dog dog” should return false.

Notes:

You may assume pattern contains only lowercase letters, and str contains lowercase letters separated by a single space.

Given a string, determine if it is a palindrome, considering only alphanumeric characters and ignoring cases.

Example

“A man, a plan, a canal: Panama” is a palindrome.

“race a car” is not a palindrome.

Note:

Have you consider that the string might be empty? This is a good question to ask during an interview.

For the purpose of this problem, we define empty string as valid palindrome.